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Eclipse IoT

Key Trends from the IoT Developer Survey 2018

Executive Summary

The IoT Developer Survey 2018 collected feedback from 502 individuals between January and March 2018.

The key findings in this year’s edition of the survey include the following:

  • Amazon AWS and Microsoft Azure are the top 2 cloud services for IoT. Google Cloud Platform is failing to get traction.
  • MQTT remains the standard of choice for IoT messaging, while AMQP is becoming more and more popular as companies scale their IoT deployments and backend systems.
  • 93% of the databases and data stores used for IoT are open source software. Data collected and used in IoT applications is incredibly diverse, from time series sensor data to device information to logs.

Introduction

For the past four years, the IoT Developer Survey has been a great way to look at the IoT landscape, from understanding the key challenges for people building IoT solutions, to identifying relevant open source technology or standards.

Just like in previous years (see results from 2017, 2016 and 2015 survey), the Eclipse IoT Working Group has collaborated with a number of organizations to promote the survey to different IoT developer communities: Agile-IoT H2020 Project, IEEE, and the Open Mobile Alliance (now OMA SpecWorks).

We had a total of 502 individual responses. You will find a link to the complete report at the end of this blog post, as well as pointers to download the raw survey data.

Here are the key trends that we identified this year:

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Amazon and Azure get traction, Google slips behind

For the past few years, we’ve asked people what cloud platform they use or plan on using for building their IoT solution.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: IoT Cloud Platforms Adoption – Amazon vs. Microsoft vs. Google

Since 2016, Amazon AWS has always come up as the platform of choice for the respondents, followed by Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform.

📎 The use of AWS for building IoT solutions increased by 21% since 2017. 

Looking at this year’s results, there is a clear upward trend in terms of adoption for Amazon AWS (51.8%, a 21% increase from last year) and Microsoft Azure (31.21%, a 17% increase from 2017). In the meantime, Google Cloud Platform is struggling to get adoption from IoT developers (18.8%, an 8% year-to-year decrease).

📎 Google Cloud Platform struggles, with an 8% decrease in market share for IoT deployments since 2017. 

Seeing AWS ahead of the pack is no surprise. It seems to be the public cloud platform of choice for developers, according to the recent Stack Overflow Developer Survey, and one of the most loved platforms for development in general. And looking at the same survey, it seems Google is not really doing great with their Cloud Platform (it is used by 8.0% of the respondents vs. 24.1% for AWS).

IoT Developer Survey 2018: IoT Cloud Platforms Adoption – Trends

It will be interesting to see how, and if, Google catches up in the IoT cloud race, and whether we will see more acquisitions similar to Xively’s in February to help beef up their IoT offering in 2018. Since Microsoft is planning to invest $5 billion in IoT over the next four years, the IoT cloud competition will definitely be interesting to follow…

IoT Data is finally getting attention

While IoT has been around for a while now, it looks like developers are starting to realize that beyond the “cool” factor of building connected devices, the real motivation and business opportunity for IoT is in collecting data and making sense out of it.

📎 Collecting and analyzing data becomes #2 concern for #IoT developers. 

This year, 18% of the respondents identified Data Collection & Analytics as one of their top concerns for developing IoT solutions. This is a 50% increase from last year, and puts this topic as #2 concern—Security remains #1, and Connectivity is sharing the third place with Integration with Hardware.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: Key IoT Concerns

Unsurprisingly, industries such as Industrial Automation or Smart Cities tend to care about IoT data collection and analytics even more—23% of the respondents working in those industries consider data collection & analytics to be a key concern.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: Key IoT Concerns - Trends

On a side note, it is great to get the confirmation of a trend we identified last year, with Interoperability clearing becoming less of a concern for IoT developers. It’s been ranking #2 since we started doing the survey in 2015, and is now relegated to the 5th place.

As someone working with IoT open source communities on a day-to-day basis, I can’t help but think about the crucial role open standards and open source IoT platforms have had in making IoT interoperability a reality.

Consolidation in IoT messaging protocols

📎 MQTT is used in 62% of IoT solutions and remains the IoT messaging protocol of choice. 

An area I particularly like to observe year-over-year is the evolution of IoT messaging protocols. For many years now, MQTT has established itself as a protocol of choice for IoT, and this year’s survey is just confirming this: MQTT is used by over 62% of our respondents, followed by HTTP (54.1%).

Six years after IBM and Eurotech open sourced their implementations of the MQTT protocol (see the Eclipse Paho project), and with the ever-increasing popularity of the Eclipse Mosquitto project (and many other open MQTT-based projects out there of course), this is once again a demonstration that open wins. With MQTT 5 around the corner and several of the identified “limitations” of the protocol gone, MQTT will possibly become even more clearly THE IoT messaging standard in the future.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: Consolidation in IoT Messaging Protocols

It would appear that the use of HTTP is declining (54.1%), perhaps to the benefit of the more lightweight and versatile HTTP/2 (24.9% vs. 16.8% last year). XMPP (4.3%) is one of the protocols that seems to be losing the protocol consolidation battle, with a continued decline since 2016.

📎 Adoption of AMQP increased by over 30% since 2017 as people scale their IoT deployments. 

Since more and more people start scaling their IoT deployments, it is likely a reason for the significant increase in AMQP’s adoption (18.2%, from 13.9% last year), which is a core element of many IoT backends.

The use of proprietary vendor protocols and in-house protocols is steadily decreasing, confirming that the industry at large tends to favor open standards over closed solutions.

It will be interesting to watch how the adoption of DDS (4.9%) evolves over time. It already seems to be getting some traction in domains such as Automotive, where 10% of the respondents said they are using it.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: IoT Messaging Protocols – Trends

Focus on security increases

It is always interesting to watch how developers approach security in the context of IoT, and it has always been mentioned as the #1 concern for IoT developers since we started doing the survey in 2015.

However, it is no secret that security is hard, and there is unfortunately still only a limited set of security-related practices that are on the front burner of IoT developers. Communication-layer security (e.g the use of TLS or DTLS) and data encryption remain the two most popular practices, used by respectively 57.3% and 45.1% of the respondents.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: IoT Security Technologies

For the first time in the history of this survey, we explicitly asked respondents if they were using blockchain or distributed ledger technology (DLT) in their IoT solutions. I was frankly surprised to see that it would appear to be the case for 11% of the respondents. As the technology matures, and as some of the barriers making it sometimes impractical for constrained/embedded devices slowly disappear, I am expecting blockchain & DLT to be used more and more for securing IoT solutions (and probably in combination with data monetization use cases).

📎 Adoption of over-the-air updates to keep IoT applications up-to-date and secure increased by almost 50% since last year. 

To end on a positive note, it is pretty clear that developers are starting to bake security into their IoT products, as an increasing number of developers indicated they implement security techniques compared to 2017. Over-the-air updates appear to be used more and more (27.3%, a 47% increase from 2017). Open device management standards such as LWM2M, together with open source implementations such as Eclipse Wakaama and Eclipse Leshan, are certainly making it easier for developers to implement OTA in their solutions.

IoT Data is multifaceted and open source databases dominate the market

This year we added a few questions to the survey aimed at understanding better the kind of IoT data being collected, and how it is being stored.

It is interesting to see that across all industries, IoT data is equally multifaceted, and a wide variety of data is being collected by today’s IoT applications. 61.9% of the data collected is time series data (e.g sensor data), but almost equally important are device information (60.4%) and log data (54.1%). This is not really surprising as collecting sensor data is only half of the IoT operational equation: one also needs to be able to track and manage their fleet of devices.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: Types of IoT Data

Keeping that in mind, it is interesting to look at the landscape of databases and data stores used for IoT applications. While time series data is the most common form of data that IoT applications collect, traditional relational databases (namely, MySQL, with a clear leading position at 44.6%) are still widely used. It is likely reflecting the importance of storing all kinds of device metadata or legacy enterprise data in addition to sensor data.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: IoT Databases

With regards to NoSQL and time series databases, MongoDB (29.8%) and InfluxDB (15.7%) seem to be the two platforms of choice for storing non-relational IoT data (e.g time series).

📎 93% of databases used in IoT are open source. 

It is worth highlighting that an astounding majority (93%) of the databases used for IoT are open source, with Amazon DynamoDB (6.9%) being the only notable exception. With something as critical and sensitive as IoT data, it seems that solution developers tend to favor technology that is not only easy and free to access, but more importantly that allows them to really “own” their data.

Linux remains the undisputed IoT operating system

Once again, Linux (71.8%) remains the leading operating system across IoT devices, gateways, and cloud backends.

IoT Developer Survey 2018: Top IoT Operating Systems & Distros

Although Amazon’s acquisition of FreeRTOS occurred just a few months before the survey opened, it might partially explain the significant increase in its reported adoption. Going from 13% in 2016 to 20% this year, it becomes the leading embedded IoT operating system, followed by Arm Mbed (9%) and Contiki (7%).

📎 FreeRTOS becomes the leading embedded #IoT operating system, followed by Arm Mbed and Contiki OS. 

In terms of Linux distributions, and as Raspberry Pi stays a very popular platform for IoT prototyping, Raspbian (43.3%) remains the top Linux distribution followed by Ubuntu (40.2%).

IoT Developer Survey 2018: IoT Linux Distributions – Trends


You can find the complete report on Slideshare.

IoT Developer Survey 2018 from Benjamin Cabé

Should you want to play with the raw data yourself, we made it available as a Google Spreadsheet here – feel free to export it as whatever format suits you best.

Mike Milinkovich and I will be doing a webinar on Thursday, April 19, to go through the results and discuss our findings. Don’t forget to RSVP!

Thanks to everyone who took the time to fill out this survey, and thanks again to IEEE, OMA SpecWorks and the Agile-IoT project for their help with the promotion.

I am very interested in hearing your thoughts and feedback about this year’s findings in the comments of this post. And, of course, we are always open to suggestions on how to improve the survey in the future!

Categories
Eclipse IoT

Last Days to Participate to Our Annual IoT Developer Survey

For the past three years, we have been partnering with a number of organizations – IEEE, Open Mobile Alliance and Agile-IoT – to get a sense of the general trends in the IoT industry through an online survey.

The fourth edition of this survey ends on March 5th, and I am hoping that many of you who haven’t already will be participating – it litteraly takes just 5 minutes to answer. Whether you are actually a developer, or simply involved in building IoT solutions one way or the other, your input will be key to understanding what kind of IoT solutions people are building today, and more importantly how they are doing it.

Like in previous years, we will be making publicly available both the consolidated and raw results of the survey, which should be one more reason to help us get as many respondents as possible so that the results can be even more valuable to your own organization, and to the community at large! 🙂

The results from last year, for example, provided interesting feedback on the rising interest in Industrial IoT, who people see as IoT corporate leaders, or what are the programming languages and frameworks typically used by developers.

Please don’t wait and take the survey now!

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Eclipse IoT

Announcing the Open IoT Challenge 3.0 scholars

The third edition of the Open IoT Challenge officially started one week ago. More than 80 teams have submitted their entries and are now in the running to win the Open IoT Challenge 3.0!

Participants have about three months to complete their solution and show the world how open source and open standards can help build innovative IoT solutions. On February 27, they will have to submit their final project report and hope that their work ends up in the top 3 winning solutions.

For now, the judges have reviewed all submissions and we have awarded  a “starter kit” to the most promising solutions. We hope this will help them bootstrap their project. The kit comes in the form of $150 gift card to buy IoT hardware, as well as access to special offers from our sponsors.

The lucky teams/participants are (in no particular order):

  • Tom Morocz – Residential home diagnostics
  • Bilal Al-Saeedi – Water management for farms
  • Benjamin Lassillour – Fish farming management
  • Siva Prasad Katru – Agriculture app to manage a farm
  • Sergey Vasiliev – Environmental monitoring
  • Mark Lidd – build a secured device that can scan and detect IoT objects that could be compromised
  • Nedko Nedkov – Domestic intrusion detection system
  • Amarendra Sahoo – Retail food storage management
  • Deepak Sharma – Smart traffic lights and controller
  • Celso Mangueira – Breeding monitor
  • Vinayan H – MPulse: machine health monitor
  • Tien Cao-hoang – Sensor network to monitor fish farms
  • Anupam Datta – Factory equipment maintenance
  • Ettore Verrecchia – Intelligent monitored garbage collection system
  • Juan Pizarro – Greenhouse automation/smart farming platform
  • Marcos OAP – Low cost connected homes smart city system
  • Didier Donsez / i-greenhouse: monitor greenhouses for organic and auto-production agriculture with LoRa and Sigfox endpoints

As you see, all the submissions have very specific use cases in mind, and I’m really looking forward to seeing the solutions that will be built.

If you entered the challenge and your name does not come up in this list, it doesn’t mean you’re out – not at all! There were only so many entries we could select (and you may have noticed we selected more than initially planned), and unfortunately we had to draw a line somewhere. If you haven’t been awarded the “starter kit”, we still very much hope you will work on the project you’ve submitted.

All the participants will be sharing their journey on their blogs and on social media, so stay tuned to see what they will be up to! I will also be relaying some of the cool stuff being built on Twitter as well, of course.